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--> Brown (customary) |flag = |country = Germany }} The National Socialist German Workers' Party (, abbreviated NSDAP), commonly referred to in English as the Nazi Party (), was a political party in Germany active between 1920 and 1945 that practised Nazism. Its predecessor, the German Workers' Party (''Deutsche Arbeiterpartei''; DAP), existed from 1919 to 1920. The party emerged from the German nationalist, racist and populist ''Freikorps'' paramilitary culture, which fought against the communist uprisings in post-World War I Germany.〔 The party was created as a means to draw workers away from communism and into ''völkisch'' nationalism.〔 Initially, Nazi political strategy focused on anti-big business, anti-bourgeois, and anti-capitalist rhetoric, although such aspects were later downplayed in order to gain the support of industrial entities, and in the 1930s the party's focus shifted to anti-Semitic and anti-Marxist themes.〔 Racism was central to Nazism. The Nazis propagated the idea of a "people's community" (''Volksgemeinschaft''). Their aim being one to unite "racially desirable" Germans as national comrades, whilst excluding those deemed either to be political dissidents, physically or intellectually inferior, or of a foreign race (''Fremdvölkische''). The Nazis sought to improve the stock of the Germanic people through racial purity and eugenics, broad social welfare programs, and a collective subordination of individual rights, which could be sacrificed for the good of the Nazi state and the "Aryan master race". To maintain the supposed purity and strength of the Aryan race, the Nazis sought to exterminate Jews, Romani, and the physically and mentally handicapped. They imposed exclusionary segregation on homosexuals, Africans, Jehovah's Witnesses, and political opponents.〔 The persecution reached its climax when the party-controlled German state organized the systematic murder of approximately six million Jews and five million people from the other targeted groups, in what has become known as the Holocaust. The party's leader since 1921, Adolf Hitler, was appointed Chancellor of Germany by President Paul von Hindenburg in 1933. Hitler rapidly established a totalitarian regime〔〔〔〔 known as the Third Reich. Following the defeat of the Third Reich at the conclusion of World War II in Europe, the party was "declared to be illegal" by the Allied powers, who performed denazification in the years after the war. ==Etymology== The term "Nazi", commonly used in English, derives from the first two syllables of ''Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei'' (NSDAP), as ''national'' is pronounced in German.〔 It parallels the German term ''Sozi'' (pronounced ), an abbreviation of ''Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands'' (Social Democratic Party of Germany).〔〔 Members of the party referred to themselves as ''Nationalsozialisten'' (National Socialists), rarely as Nazis. The term ''Parteigenosse'' (party member) was commonly used among Nazis, with the feminine form ''Parteigenossin'' added when it was appropriate. The term was in use before the rise of the party as a colloquial and derogatory word for a backwards peasant, characterising an awkward and clumsy person. It derived from ''Ignaz'', being a shortened version of Ignatius, a common name in Bavaria, the area from which the Nazis emerged. Opponents seized on this and shortened the first word of the party's name to the dismissive "Nazi".〔 In 1933, when Adolf Hitler assumed power of the German government, usage of the designation "Nazi" diminished in Germany, although Austrian anti-Nazis continued to use the term as an insult.〔 The use of "Nazi Germany," and "Nazi regime," was popularised by anti-Nazis and German exiles abroad. Thereafter, the term spread into other languages and eventually was brought back to Germany after the Second World War.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Nazi Party」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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